When a person or a nonhuman primate is infected by the virus, they should be treated in biosafety level 4equivalent containment. Virus biology of the most wellstudied member is described, with details of the viral genome and the protein machinery necessary to propagate viruses at the molecular and cellular level. Because many of the signs and symptoms of marburg hemorrhagic fever are similar to those of other infectious diseases such as malaria or typhoid fever, clinical diagnosis of the disease can be difficult, especially if only a single case is involved. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in marburg and frankfurt, germany and in belgrade, yugoslavia now serbia. Multidistrict outbreak of marburg virus diseaseuganda, 2012. The virus that causes marburg hemorrhagic fever, a disease which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. The 1967 marburg virus outbreak in west germany was first outbreak of marburg virus disease.
It may lead into the development of marburg virus disease when it affects the nonhuman primates and humans. Dec 03, 2014 marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf is a rare but severe hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. Forty years of marburg virus the journal of infectious diseases. The new disease observed in marburg, frankfurt, and belgrade was the first to occur in an epidemic outbreak. Mvd is a viral hemorrhagic fever vhf, and the clinical symptoms are indistinguishable from ebola virus disease evd. Nine important facts about the highly fatal marburg virus.
Maternal filovirus infection and death from marburg and ravn viruses. Marburg virus is the causative agent of marburg haemorrhagic fever mhf, a disease with a case fatality ratio of up to 88%. Marburg virus disease definition of marburg virus disease. Clinical aspects of marburg hemorrhagic fever medscape. Ebola virus and marburg virus are related viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers illnesses marked by severe bleeding, organ failure, and, in many cases, death. Filoviruses were first discovered in 1967 as the causative agents of a hemorrhagic fever outbreak among laboratory workers in europe.
The morphology pathogenesis of virus hepatitis heinz bechtelsheimer, m. Primates including humans can become infected with marburg virus, and may develop serious disease with high mortality. Greenmonkey disease marburg virus disease, a severe, distinctive, hemorrhagic illness with a high rate of mortality, is heralded early by severe sore throat, a maculopapular rash, and a red exanthem on the hard and soft palate. Marburg virus disease, formerly known as marburg virus hemorrhagic fever, disease caused by infection with a marburg virus, a filovirus that belongs to a family filoviridae of rna viruses that also includes ebola virus.
Pathology of marburg virus disease marburg hemorrhagic fever dr sampurna roy md. Marburg virus disease article about marburg virus disease. Department books medical books medicine internal medicine pathology diseases viral. The viral parasite causes changes in the cell, particularly its antigenicity. Marburg virus identified in west african bats for the first time. Fruit bats infected with marburg virus do not to show obvious signs of illness. Similar to the more widely known ebola hemorrhagic fever, mhf is characterized by systemic viral replication, immunosuppression and abnormal inflammatory responses. Marburg haemorrhagic fever was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in marburg, from which the disease takes its name.
It soon became obvious that the illness was a hitherto unknown infectious disease. Thirtyone people became ill, initially laboratory workers followed by several medical personnel and family members who had cared for them. Marburg virus disease mvd is caused by two marburgviruses that are. Marburg haemorrhagic fever who regional office for africa. About marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hemorrhagic fever. Similar to the more widely known ebola hemorrhagic fever, mhf is characterized by systemic viral replication, immunosuppression and abnormal inflammatory. New insights into marburg virus disease pathogenesis in the. For marburg and ebola that element is the niemannpick c1 npc1 membrane protein 1. The outbreak involved 25 primary marburg virus infections and seven deaths, and six nonlethal secondary cases.
The casefatality rate for marburg hemorrhagic fever is between 2390%. The marburg variant of multiple sclerosis, also known as acute, fulminant, or malignant multiple sclerosis, is characterized by extensive and fulminant acute demyelination, often resulting in death within one year after the onset of clinical sign. Marburg virus uganda green monkeys measles rubeola rift valley fever africa rubella yellow fever carrier state. Marburg variant of multiple sclerosis radiology reference. Marburg virus disease is a deadly, but rare, hemorrhagic fever similar to ebola. Free virology books download ebooks online textbooks. Marburg virus belongs to the genus marburgvirus in the family filoviridae and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever, known as marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf, in both humans and nonhuman primates. In the late summer of 1967, several patients suffering from a severe disease were admitted to the department of medicine of the marburg university. Marburg hemorrhagic fever centers for disease control. Virus structure, classification and nomenclature, viral replication and multiplication, virus induced changes and pathology, mechanisms of virus infection, virus immunology, bacteriophages and parvoviruses. Marburg disease the pathology of experimentally infected hamsters. Disease progression, gross pathology, blood analysis, and histopathology were all in line with what is observed in humans and the previously.
Marburg virus, what you need to know about this deadly disease. Ebola virus disease and marburg disease in pregnancy. Experimental infection of monkeys with the marburg virus. While the disease typically starts out like many other tropical illnesses with fever and body aches, it can quickly lead to severe bleeding, shock, and death. Evidence for involvement of the immunological system. Marburg virus disease, also known as marburg hemorrhagic fever, is a severe illness with a high mortality rate. The five species of ebola virus are the only other known members of the filovirus family. Until now only single cases of diseases transmitted by monkeys are known as e. It soon became obvious that the illness was a hither. It started in west germany in early august 1967 when 30 people became ill in the german towns of marburg and frankfurt and 2 in belgrade, yugoslavia.
Pathology of marburg virus disease marburg hemorrhagic fever. Virus present but either no clinically apparent disease or chronic hepatitis best characterized for hepatitis b present in 90% infected early in life or at childbirth versus 1 10% of adult infections with hepatitis b. These viruses are native to africa, where sporadic outbreaks have occurred for decades. Liver histology revealed small foci of inflammatory infiltrate in infected bats. Viruses free fulltext clinical, histopathologic, and. Like ebola, marburg virus is found in africa and rarely infects humans, but can cause outbreaks with high mortality rates. This naturally occurring virus can cause a fulminating hemorrhagic disease with a severe. Check facts about marburg virus if you want to be informed with hemorrhagic fever virus. Marburg virus pathogenesis differences and similarities in humans. The reservoir host of marburg virus is the african fruit bat, rousettus aegyptiacus. Marburg virus is considered to be a reemerging pathogen that poses a significant threat to human health.
Ebola virus and marburg virus live in animal hosts, and humans can contract the. Sciforum preprints scilit sciprofiles mdpi books encyclopedia mdpi blog. Of particular interest are the etiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying postconvalescent sequelae observed in human survivors of evd and marburg virus disease mvd. Microbiologyvirologyimmunologybacteriologyparasitology. Marburg virus is a singlestranded rna virus genus marburgvirus, family filoviridae that is the etiologic agent of marburg hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates mehedi et al. Ebola virus and marburg virus symptoms and causes mayo clinic. The responsible pathogen, marburg virus, is a member of the filoviridae family along with the ebola virus 1.
The morphology and pathogenesis of marburg virus hepatitis. Three cases of secondary infection resulted from inadvertent needlestick inoculations. Clinical manifestations, viral cell tropism, and the pathology of mvd parallel those of evd 15. The marburg virus is a genetically unique zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, and its recognition led to the creation of this virus family. Marburg virus marv causes marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. This agent was called the marburg virus since most of the cases had occurred in marburg and the greater part of the laboratory work leading to the detection of the virus was. Check out the new look and enjoy easier access to your favorite features. Marburg virus disease formerly known as marburg haemorrhagic fever was identified for the first time in 1967 during an epidemic in marburg and frankfurt, germany, and in belgrade, former yugoslavia, after infected monkeys were imported from uganda. Jul 14, 1984 the pathology of marburg virus disease. Virology is the study of viruses, complexes of nucleic acids and proteins that have the capacity for replication in animal, plant and bacterial cells. Marburg virus identified in west african bats for the. Researchers have detected an angolalike strain of marburg virus in west african bats for the first time since it was first identified in humans in 2005, according to a study in nature communications. Marburg virus is a member of the filoviridae family, and is an elongated filamentous molecule, highly variable in length, but typically around nm long with a uniform.
The marburg variant of multiple sclerosis, also known as acute, fulminant, or malignant multiple sclerosis, is characterized by extensive and fulminant acute demyelination, often resulting in death within one year after the onset of clinical signs please, refer on multiple sclerosis ms for a. This information is used to build a widerscale virushost perspective with detail on the pathology and pathogenesis of. Since then, sporadic cases of marburg hemorrhagic fever in man have occurred in kenya and zimbabwe. A description of the postmortem pathological findings in a case of marburg virus disease emphasizes the findings of focal necrosis in the liver, spleen and lymphoid tissue, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute tubular necrosis. So few specimens of tissue from fatal cases of ebola virus disease have been available for pathologic study that no description can be considered representative, and any analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms should be recognized as speculative. Marburg virus disease is a highly virulent disease that causes haemorrhagic fever, with a fatality ratio of up to 88%. Marburg was not the only town whe re the virus was isolated and identified for the first time, but most cases of infection occurred in marburg. Ebola virus and marburg virus are related viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers illnesses marked by severe bleeding hemorrhage, organ failure and, in many cases, death. Marburg virus disease is an emerging and highly virulent epidemicprone disease associated with high case fatality rates case fatality rate.
Get the facts on the history, symptoms, and treatment of marburg virus disease, formerly known as marburg hemorrhagic fever. Greenmonkeydisease marburg virus disease, a severe, distinctive, hemorrhagic illness with a high rate of mortality, is heralded early by severe sore throat, a maculopapular rash, and a red exanthem on the hard and soft palate. Symptoms include fever, malaise, severe headache, vomiting, diarrhoea, and bleeding from mucous membranes. Outbreak of a new disease in early august 1967, patients with unusual symptoms indicating an infectious disease were admitted to the university hospitals in marburg and frankfurt.
Marburg virus is one of 2 viruses belonging to the filovirus family. Aug 23, 2018 marburg virus is considered to be a reemerging pathogen that poses a significant threat to human health. In 1967, the first description of marburg virus was made. Marburg virus is related to the ebola virus in that both viruses belong to the filovirus family. Marburg virus disease mvd is characterized by rapid onset. This information is used to build a widerscale virushost perspective with detail on the pathology and pathogenesis of ebola virus disease. The first documented outbreak of this disease was in 1967 in germany and yugoslavia which is currently known as serbia 2. Marburg virus brazil pdf ppt case reports symptoms. The type species of filovirus associated with severe illness in workers handling tissues of african green monkeys. Marburg hf is caused by marburg virus, a genetically unique zoonotic or, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family.
Treatment with antiserum and measures to reduce the bleeding are sometimes effective. Mvd is a severe and highly fatal disease caused by the marburg virus from filoviridae family. Murphy center for disease control, atlanta, georgia 30333, u. Part of the highly regarded diagnostic pathology series and written by danny a. To replicate themselves, viruses usurp functions of the host cells on which they are parasites. The virus is transmitted by direct contact with the blood, body fluids and tissues of infected persons or wild animals e. Marburg virus disease mvd formerly known as marburg haemorrhagic fever was first identified in 1967 during epidemics in marburg and frankfurt in germany and belgrade in the former yugoslavia from importation of infected monkeys from uganda.
One species has been described, marburg marburgvirus formerly lake victoria marburgvirus, which is represented by two viruses, ravn virus ravv and marburg virus marv. Free virology books download ebooks online textbooks tutorials. These workers had been exposed to tissues and blood from african green monkeys cercopithecus aethiops imported from uganda and infected with marburg virus. Marburg disease, marburg haemorrhagic fever, african haemorrhagic fever, and green monkey disease1,2. For the marburg virus to infect the hosts cell an essential element is needed.
Marburg haemorrhagic fever was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in marburg, from which the disease takes its name, and frankfurt in germany. Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species marburg marburgvirus, genus marburgvirus. Marburg virus has the potential to be a serious public health threat, yet much more research is needed for us to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. The high lethality of the nhp models has raised doubts as to their ability to provide meaningful data for the full spectrum of disease observed in humans. Life cycle mode of infection and transmission home. Marburg virus disease synonyms, marburg virus disease pronunciation, marburg virus disease translation, english dictionary definition of marburg virus disease. Viruses free fulltext fortyfive years of marburg virus. It is a serious and usually fatal disease caused by a virus of the. This protein mediates infection by binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein. Concise, focused chapters, supported by thousands of highquality images, make this second edition an excellent point.
Marburg virus disease, a severe, distinctive, hemorrhagic illness with a high rate of mortality, is heralded early by severe sore throat, a maculopapular rash, and a red exanthem on the hard and soft palate. The causative agent that was identified during this outbreak, marburg virus, is one of the. Along with ebola virus, marburg virus causes a severe and highly fatal haemorrhagic fever called marburg virus disease which is. Forty years of marburg virus the journal of infectious. However, the 202016 epidemic of ebola virus disease in west africa was. Both viruses are native to africa, where sporadic outbreaks have occurred for decades. In the late summer of 1967, several patients suffering from a severe disease were admitted to the department of medicine of. The first outbreak occurred simultaneously in 1967 in marburg, frankfurt, and belgrade with 31 human cases, 7 of which were. Much of these data are the subject of a multiauthored 2019 book, pregnant in the. Clinical manifestations and mechanism of the haemorrhagic diathesis in marburg virus disease. In 1960s, the people began to notice on the presence of marburg after its low level of outbreak in a number of cities in 1960s. This protein mediates infection by binding to the viral envelope. Pathology of marburg virus disease marburg hemorrhagic.
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